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Three logical levels of signal transmission system for CNC lathe

The signal transmission system of a CNC lathe is a "neural network" that connects the CNC system (brain) with the machine tool body (body). It is responsible for accurately and quickly transmitting control instructions to executing components such as servo motors and spindle motors, while providing real-time feedback on on-site status information such as position, temperature, and alarmsCreate a complete closed-loop control system for the numerical control system. Today, our CNC lathe manufacturer Haishu Machinery will mainly explain the three logical levels of the CNC lathe signal transmission system.
1. Control layer (brain and central nervous system)
Numerical Control (CNC): The core of the system, responsible for program interpretation, interpolation operations, logic control, etc.
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC/PMC): Embedded in CNC or as an independent module, responsible for controlling auxiliary functions of the machine tool, such as tool holder rotation, coolant start stop, chuck tightness, etc.
2. Driver layer (muscles and motor nerves)
Servo driver/spindle driver: receives weak command signals (such as speed and position commands) from CNC, amplifies power, and drives motor motion.
Servo motor/spindle motor: converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and directly drives the tool holder or spindle to perform precise motion.
3. Feedback layer (sensory system)
Position detection components: such as a grating ruler (directly measuring the position of the tool holder, forming a fully closed loop) and a rotary encoder (installed at the rear end of the motor, measuring the motor angle, forming a semi closed loop). They feed back the actual position signal to the CNC, forming a closed-loop control.
Other sensors, such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, limit switches, etc., are used to monitor the status of the machine tool and ensure safe operation.
The above are the three logical levels of the CNC lathe signal transmission system shared by our CNC lathe manufacturer Haishu Machinery. We hope that the above explanation can be helpful for everyone to understand the CNC lathe signal transmission system in the future.